ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling is a fundamental principle involved in all major reactions with chromatin substrate. Its role in activation and repression of transcription affects control of the cell cycle, cell differentiation, and hence the development of multicellular organisms.

The ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factors are protein complexes consisting of between two and twelve diverse subunits. Their common denominator is a dedicated ATPase subunit of the Swi2/Snf2 family of ATPases. The enzymes in this family can be grouped into several subfamilies according to sequence features outside of their ATPase domains.

These subfamilies are :

(i) Swi2/Snf2-related enzymes;
(ii) ISWI/SNF2L-type ATPases;
(iii) CHD family or Mi-2 family;
(iv) INO80 complex.

OTHER PROTEINS INVOLVED IN CHROMATIN REMODELLING

Other proteins involved in the process of remodeling are mainly; Histone Deacetylases (HDACs), Histone acetylases (HAT), Histone methylating, and phosphorylating enzymes.

Schematic flow of Chromatin Remodelling